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Research Interests
The immune system distinguishes self from non-self. In autoimmunity, this ability fails. My research concentrates on the systemic autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome, which are characterized by a loss of tolerance to the ubiquitous antigens Ro/SSA and La/SSB. We use a wide range of scientific disciplines, from clinical research to laboratory-based basic research to animal models of human disease.
Presently we are studying a powerful genetic association on chromosome 11 at p13 that was originally found in families with severe SLE that are ethnically identified as Black Americans. High density single nucleotide polymorphism typing has identified a highly promising candidate gene, which is now being pursued with studies designed to explore the mechanism by which SLE susceptibility is increased. The etiology for the preponderance of women with SLE is under study. We have found that Klinefelter's syndrome (male 47, XXY) is found in excess among men with SLE, while 47,XXX is increased among women with SLE. Genetic linkage on X is established and is being further defined to test the hypothesis of a gene dose effect. Other genetic interests include the relationship of prolidase deficiency to systemic autoimmunity, and the genetics of Sjögren's syndrome. We are in the process of finalizing the first genome-wide association study for this disease.
My laboratory is also interested in the immunology of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome. Immunization of animals with short peptides from 60 kD Ro induces epitope spreading as well as a Sjögren's syndrome-like illness. The immunology and genetics of this model are being explored. Future studies of this model include adoptive transfer, genetic control of epitope spreading as well as disease manifestations, MRI imaging of animals, and prevention by dendritic cell immunization. This project complements animal immunization studies in which oxidatively modified antigens induce enhanced epitope spreading and disease. We also find that humans with SLE have more oxidative modification of proteins and lipids than do controls.
Human lupus and Sjögren's are being studied at the level of B cell immunity. We have found that transfer of anti-Ro antibodies into naïve animals induces salivary gland dysfunction. The mechanism of this pathology is being investigated, including in 60 kD Ro knock out animals.
Clinical research involving diabetes among patients with lupus is ongoing. In addition, clinical research is being pursued in a comprehensive Sjögren's syndrome research clinic in which patients undergo a complete dental, ophthalmological, and medical evaluation.
Education
| 1989-1991 |
Associate Research Scientist, Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK |
| 1988-1991 |
Fellow, Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK |
| 1987-1988 |
Chief Medical Resident, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK |
| 1984-1987 |
Resident in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK |
| 1980-1984 |
MD - University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX |
| 1976-1980 |
BA - Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX |
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Heat-solubilized curcurmin should be considered in clinical trials for increasing bioavailability. Clin Cancer Res 15:474, 2009 (No PMCID required)
Guo L, Deshmukh H, Lu R, Vidal GS, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Dominguez N, Klein W, Kim-Howard X, Bruner GR, Scofield RH, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Dozmorov IM, Gilkeson GS, Wakeland EK, Li QZ, Langefield CD, Marion MC, Williams AH, Alarcón GS, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldberg R, Reveille JD, McGwin G, Vila LM, Petri MA, Vyse TJ, Merrill JT, Gregersen PK, James JA, Nath SW, Harley JB, Guthridge JM. Replication of the BANK1 genetic association with systemic erythematosus in a European-derived population. Gene Immunity 10:531-538, 2009 (PMCID:PMC2736873)
Kurien BT, Scofield RH, eds., Methods in Molecular Biology: Protein Blotting and Detection (Human Press: London), volume 536, 2009. ((No PMCID required)
Scofield RH, Nguyen TT. Milk-alkali syndrome. In, Pourmotabbed G, Talavera F, Khardori R, Cooper M, Griffing GT,, eds, Medicine Specialties: Endocrinology (emedicine.com), 2009 (No PMCID required)
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Oral administration of heat-solubilized curcumin for potentially increasing curcumin bioavailability in experimental animals. Int J Cancer. 2009 Apr 27. (No PMCID required)
Selby GB, Mosallaei-Benjamin M, Kalyanaraman V, Lancaster A, Scofield RH. Difficulties in monitoring the glucose status of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 15:1000, 2009. (No PMCID required)
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Curry spice curcumin and prostate cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res. 53:939-940, 2009. (No PMCID required)
Gomez-Mejiba SE, Pye Q, Kurien BT, Akram H, Zhai Z, Hensley M, Scofield RH, Ramirez DC. Inhalation of Environmental Stressors & Chronic Inflammation: Autoimmunity and Neurodegeneration. Mutat Res 674:62-72, 2009. (PMCID:PMC2676865)
Namjou B, Sestak AL, Armstrong DL, Zidovetzki R, Jacob N, Ciobanu V, Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Ojwang JO, Quismorio F, Reiff A, Myones BL, Guthridge JM, Nath SK, Bruner GR, Mehrian-Shai R, Silverman E, Klein-Gitelman M, McCurdy D, Wagner-Weiner D, Nocton J, Putterman C, Bae S-C, Kimberly RP, Vyse TJ, Gilkeson GS, Kamen D, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Langefeld CD, Gaffney PM, Moser KL, Merrill JT, Scofield RH, James JA, Harley JB, Jacob CO. Robust Association of STAT4 with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Four Different Racial Groups. Arthritis Rheum 60:1085-1095, 2009. (PMCID:PMC2776081)
Cooney CM, Bruner GR, Aberle T, Namjou-Khales B, Myers LK, Feo L, Li S, D'Souza A, Ramirez A, Harley JB, Scofield RH. 46,X,del(X)(q13) Turner's syndrome women with systemic lupus erythematosus in a pedigree multiplex for SLE. Genes Immun. 10:478-481, 2009. Epub 2009 May 21. (PMCID:PMC2722751)
Canzler U, Bartsch H, Kurien BT, James JA, Scofield RH, Grossmann K, Lehmann W, Pillarsky C, Denz A, Grützmann R, Conrad K, Schmitz M, Rieber EP, Distler W, Bachmann MP Detection of autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens in sera of patients with systemic autoimmunity using a novel protein microblot array. Scand J Immunol 69:563-569, 2009.
Cooney CM, Bruner GR, Aberle T, Namjou_Khales B, Myers LK, Feo L, Li S, D'Souza A, Ramirez A, Harley JB, Scofield RH. 46,X,del(X)(q13) Turner's syndrome women with systemic lupus erythematosus in a pedigree multiplex for SLE. Genes Immun. 10:478-481, 2009. Epub 2009 May 21. PMCID:2722751.
Namjou B, Sestak AL, Armstrong DL, Zidovetzki R, Jacob N, Ciobanu V, Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Ojwang JO, Quismorio F, Reiff A, Myones BL, Guthridge JM, Nath SK, Bruner GR, Mehrian-Shai R, Silverman E, Klein-Gitelman M, McCurdy D, Wagner-Weiner D, Nocton J, Putterman C, Bae S-C, Kimberly RP, Vyse TJ, Gilkeson GS, Kamen D, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Langefeld CD, Gaffney PM, Moser KL, Merrill JT, Scofield RH, James JA, Harley JB, Jacob CO. Robust Association of STAT4 with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Four Different Racial Groups. Arthritis Rheum 60:1085-1095, 2009. PMCID #2776081.
Gomez-Mejiba SE, Pye Q, Kurien BT, Akram H, Zhai Z, Hensley M, Scofield RH, Ramirez DC. Inhalation of Environmental Stressors & Chronic Inflammation: Autoimmunity and Neurodegeneration. Mutat Res 674:62-72, 2009. PMCID:PMC2676865.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Heat-solubilized curcurmin should be considered in clinical trials for increasing bioavailability. Clin Cancer Res 15:474, 2009.
Guo L, Deshmukh H, Lu R, Vidal GS, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Dominguez N, Klein W, Kim-Howard X, Bruner GR, Scofield RH, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Dozmorov IM, Gilkeson GS, Wakeland EK, Li QZ, Langefield CD, Marion MC, Williams AH, Alarcón GS, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldberg R, Reveille JD, McGwin G, Vila LM, Petri MA, Vyse TJ, Merrill JT, Gregersen PK, James JA, Nath SW, Harley JB, Guthridge JM. Replication of the BANK1 genetic association with systemic erythematosus in a European-derived popoulation. Gene Immunity 10:531-538, 2009 NIHMSID:124437.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH, eds., Methods in Molecular Biology: Protein Blotting and Detection (Human Press: London), volume 536, 2009.
Scofield RH, Nguyen TT. Milk-alkali syndrome. In, Pourmotabbed G, Talavera F, Khardori R, Cooper M, Griffing GT, eds, Medicine Specialties: Endocrinology (emedicine.com), 2009.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Oral administration of heat-solubilized curcumin for potentially increasing curcumin bioavailability in experimental animals. Int J Cancer. 2009 Apr 27.
Selby GB, Mosallaei_Benjamin M, Kalyanaraman V, Lancaster A, Scofield RH. Difficulties in monitoring the glucose status of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 15:1000, 2009.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Curry spice curcumin and prostate cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res. 53:939-940, 2009.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Increasing aqueous solubility of curcumin for improving bioavailability. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 30:334-335, 2009. Epub 2009 Jun 10.
Sawalha AH, Harley JB, Scofield RH. Autoimmunity and Klinefelter's syndrome: when men have two X chromosomes. J Autoimmun. 33:31-34, 2009. Epub 2009 May 22.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Bubbling hookah smoke through heat-solubilized curcumin/turmeric and incorporation of the curry spice as an additive or filter in cigarettes to minimize tobacco smoke-related toxicants. Med Hypotheses. 73:462-463, 2009. Epub 2009 May 10.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Increasing the solubility of the nutraceutical curcumin by heat and inhibition of oxidative modification. Mol Nutr Food Res. 53:308, 2009.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Heat-solubilized curcumin should be considered in clinical trials for increasing bioavailability. Clin Cancer Res 15:747, 2009.
Dillion SP, D’Sousa A, Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Systemic lupus erythematosus and C1q: A quantitative ELISA for determining C1q levels in serum. Biotechnol J. in press, Epub 2009 Apr 15.
Scofield RH. Genetics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren’s Syndrome. Curr Opin Rheum 21:448-453, 2009.
Namjou B, Scofield R, Kelly J, Goodmon E, Aberle T, Bruner G, Harley J. The effects of previous hysterectomy on lupus. Lupus. 2009;18:1000-1005, 2009.
Scofield RH, Oates JC. The place of William Osler in the description of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med Sci, 338:409-412, 2009. NIHMSID:126882.
Aggarwal R, Sestak AL, Namjou B, Scofield RH. Complement deficiency in a large cohort of familial systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, in press.
Catera R, Silverman GJ, Hatzi K, Seiler T, Didier S, Zhang L, Hervé M, Meffre E, Oscier DG, Vlassara H, Scofield RH, Chen Y, Allen SL, Rai KR, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells recognize conserved epitopes associated with apoptosis and chemical oxidation. Mol Med, in press.
Bruner GR, Cooney CM, Harley JB, Scofield RH. 46,XX del (Xq) Turner Syndrome Female with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Pedigree Multiplex for SLE. Arthritis Rheum, revisions requested and submitted.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Lipstick consumption and systemic lupus erythematosus: Nothing to gloss over, Clin Rheumatol 27:1339-40, 2008.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Hydroxy-nonenel oxidative modification of proteins in systemic lupus. Rheumatol. 47:1587, 2008.
Scofield RH, Bruner GR, Kelly J, Harley JB. Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY) in male systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Support for the notion of a gene-dose effect from the X chromosome. Arthritis Rheum 58:2511_2517, 2008.
Kamen DL, Shaftman SR, Barron M, Parker TM, Bruner GR, Aberle T, James JA, Scofield RH, Harley JB, Gilkeson GS, Autoantibody Prevalence and Lupus Disease Characteristics in a Unique African American Population. Arthritis Rheum 58:1237-1247, 2008.
Kurein BT, D’sousa A, Rodgers R, Shenoi J, Kurono S, Matsumoto H, Asfa S, Hensley K, Scofield RH. Detection of catalase as a major protein target of the lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE and the association of a polymorphism in its promoter region as a risk factor in SLE. BMC Med Genet 9:62, 2008. (PMID:18606005).
Sawalha AH, Webb R, Han S, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Kimberly RP, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, James JA, Vyse TJ, Gilkeson G, Choi C-B, Scofield RH, Bae S-C, Nath SK, Harley JB. Common variants within MECP2 confer risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. PloS ONE 5;3:e1727, 2008 (PMID: 18320046).
Mathews SA, Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Oral manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome. J Dent Res 87:308-318, 2008 (PMID: 18362310).
Scofield RH. Autoimmune hypo- and hyperthyroid in systemic autoimmune disease. In, Walker SE, Jara LJ, eds, Handbook of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases 9:195-205, 2008.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Autoimmune diseases and oxidatively modified autoantigens Autoimmunity Rev 7:567-573, 2008. Epub 2008 May 27.
Malik S, Bruner GR , Williams-Weese C, Feo L, Scofield RH, Reichlin M, Harley JB, Sawalha AH. The presence of anti-La autoantibody is associated with a lower risk of nephritis and seizures in lupus patients. Lupus 16:863-866, 2007 (PMID: 17971358).
Pham T, Pesina J, Scofield RH. 13-cis-retinoic acid induction of clinical polycystic ovarian disease. Endocr Prac 13:776-779, 2007 (PMID: 18194936).
Tauseef A, Greenfield RA, Scofield RH, Bronze MS. Gatifloxacin –Associated Hypoglycemia. J Okla St Med Assoc 100:425-428, 2007.
Williams PH, Cobb BL, Namjou B, Scofield RH, Sawalha AH, Harley JB. Horizons in Sjögren's Syndrome Genetics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 32:201-209, 2007 (Epub ahead of print 26 Oct 2007) (PMID: 17963047).
Blevins S, Leyva, MJ, Wright JE, Scofield RH, Aston CE. Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose and Lipid Levels in Non-insulin Dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 30:2236-2237, 2007 (PMID: 17563345).
Kamble S, Kem D, Baker MZ, Scofield H, Lyons T, Olansky L. Thymic neuroendocrine tumor presenting as Cushing’s syndrome: A case report and review of current literature. EndoTrends 14:10-11, 2007.
Pham T, Cornea A, Blick KE, Jenkins A, Scofield RH. Oral glucosamine in doses used to treat osteoarthritis worsens insulin resistance. Am J Med Sci 333:333-339, 2007 (PMID 17570985).
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Four men in a space station - to say nothing of the cow!: the quest for finding respite and work in the ultimate frontier. Med Hypotheses 68:1195-1199, 2007 (PMID: 17306929).
Kurien BT, Singh A, Matsumoto H, Scofield RH. Improving the solubility and pharmacological efficacy of curcumin by heat treatment. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 5:567-576, 2007 (PMID: 17767425).
Kurien BT, Mathews SA, Scofield RH. Can low dose diagnostic dental radiation trigger Sjögren's syndrome? Medical Hypotheses 69:995-1000, 2007 (Epub 2007 Apr 17) (PMID: 17442501) .
Scofield RH, Bruner GR, Harley JB, Namjou B. Autoimmune thyroid disease is associated with secondary Sjögren’s syndrome in familial systemic lupus. Ann Rheum Dis 66:41-413, 2007 (Epub August 24, 2006 at http://ard.bmjjournals.com).
Addington S, Larsen N, Scofield RH. Milk-alkali syndrome in pre-eclamptic pregnancy. J Okla St Med Assoc 99:480-484, 2006.
Scofield RH. Poor, Poor Thing. Blood and Thunder: Musing on the Art of Medicine. 6:106-108, 2006.
Wang, H., Kurien, B.T., Lundgreen, D., Patel, N.C., Kaufman, K.M., Miller, D.S., Porter, A.C., D’Sousa, A., Nye, L., Tumbush, J., Kerr, D.S., Kurono, S., Matsumoto, H., Scofield, R.H. A Nonsense Mutation Of PEPD In Four Amish Children With Prolidase Deficiency. Am J Med Genet 140:580-5, 2006.
Poole BD, Scofield RH, Harley JB, James JA. Epstein-Barr virus and molecular mimicry in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 39:63-70, 2006.
Kurien, B.T., Patel, N.C., Porter, A.C., Miller, D., D’Sousa, A., Matsimoto, H., Heng, W., Scofield, R.H. Prolidase Deficiency and Biochemical Assays Used In Its Diagnosis. Anal Biochem, revisions requested.
Beall DP, Henslee HB, Webb HR, Scofield RH. Milk-alkali syndrome: a historical review and description of the modern version of the syndrome. Am J Med Sci. 331:233-42, 2006.
Kurien BT, Singh A, Matsumoto H, Scofield RH. Improving the solubility and pharmacological efficacy of curcumin by heat treatment. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 5:567-576, 2007 (PMID: 17767425).
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Lipid peroxidation in SLE. Indian J Exp Biol 44:349-356, 2006. (PMID: 16708886).
Kurien BT, Patel NC, Porter AC, Miller D, D’Sousa A, Matsimoto H, Wang H, Scofield RH. Proidase deficiency and biochemical assays used in its diagnosis. Anal Biochem 349:165-175, 2006 (PMID: 16298326).
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Autoantibody determination in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Immunol 64:227-235, 2006 (PMID: 16918691).
Reviews and Invited Papers
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Autoimmune diseases and oxidatively modified autoantigens Autoimmunity Rev, in press.
Mathews SA, Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Oral manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome. J Dent Res 87:308-318, 2008.
Scofield RH. Autoimmune hypo- and hyperthyroid in systemic autoimmune disease. In, Walker SE, Jara LJ, eds, Handbook of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases 9:195-205, 2008.
Williams PH, Cobb BL, Namjou B, Scofield RH, Sawalha AH, Harley JB. Horizons in Sjögren's Syndrome Genetics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 32:201-209, 2007 (Epub ahead of print 26 Oct 2007) (PMID: 17963047).
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Western Blotting. Methods 38:283-293, 2006. (PMID: 16483794).
Kurien BT, Hensley K, Bachmann M, Scofield RH. Oxidatively modified autoantigens in autoimmune diseases. Free Rad Biol Med 41:549-556, 2006.
James JA, Harley JB, Scofield RH. Epstein Barr virus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 18:462-467, 2006.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Lipid peroxidation in SLE. Indian J Exp Biol 44:349-356, 2006.
Kurien BT, Patel NC, Porter AC, Miller D, D’Sousa A, Matsimoto H, Wang H, Scofield RH. Proidase deficiency and biochemical assays used in its diagnosis. Anal Biochem 349:165-175, 2006.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Autoantibody determination in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Immunol 64:227-235, 2006.
Beall DP, Henslee HB, Webb HR, Scofield RH. Milk alkali syndrome: Historical review and description of the modern version of the syndrome. Am J Med Sci 331:233-242, (PMID: 16702792) 2006.
Poole BD, Scofield RH, Harley JB, James JA. Epstein-Barr virus and molecular mimicry in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autommunity 39:1-8, 2006.
Books Chapters and Manuscripts
Kurien BT, Scofield RH, eds., Methods in Molecular Biology: Protein Blotting and Detection (Human Press: London), volume 536, 2009.
Scofield RH, Nguyen TT. Milk-alkali syndrome. In, Pourmotabbed G, Talavera F, Khardori R, Cooper M, Griffing GT,eds, Medicine Specialties: Endocrinology (emedicine.com), 2009.
Zacharias L, Scofield RH. Rheumatic Manifestations of Systemic Disease. In, Lohr KM,
Talavera F, Brent LH, Plantz SH, Zevitz ME, eds, Textbook of Medicine (emedicine.com),
2006.
Reichlin, M, Scofield, RH. Ro (SS-A) antibodies. In: Shoenfeld Y, Gershwin ME, and Meroni PL, eds, Textbook of Autoantibodies, 2nd ed, (Elsevier:Amsterdam), 2006.
Scofield RH. Milk-alkali syndrome. In, Pourmotabbed G, Talavera F, Khardori R, Cooper
M, Griffing GT, eds, Medicine Specialties: Endocrinology (emedicine.com), 2006.
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