HSS 2823 Exam 2 Name _____________
Introductory Nutrition S.S.# ____________
October 31, 1996

Multiple Choice. Choose the one BEST answer. Two points each.

1. A primary reason for keeping a food diary is to:

a. identify the internal cues that drive a person to eat
b. slow the rate of eating
c. identify the external cues for eating that need to be avoided, if possible
d. identify rewards that would be sufficient to change behavior

2. Slowing the rate of eating is recommended in weight loss programs. Why?

a. to allow internal signals for appetite control to take effect
b. to provide time to recognize external eating cues so that one will be more satisfied
c. to give control of eating behavior over to the individual, instead of others around them
d. to give time to consume fluids during the meal

3. Why does abdominal fat increase risk of heart disease?

a. since it is not mobilized easily, it is difficult to lose with dieting
b. the fat surrounds vital organs like the liver, changing metabolism of lipoproteins like LDL which are made in liver
c. the fat presses against the diaphragm of the chest, irritating the heart
d. since it is easily mobilized, it increases blood fatty acid levels which compete for muscle uptake of glucose, leading to hyperglycemia

4. What level of body fat defines obesity in males?

a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%

5. What did your instructor recommend about water consumption during weight loss?

a. drink as much water as you like, whenever you want to
b. drink a lot of water, but not during meals
c. drink a lot of water, especially during meals to help fill the stomach
d. minimize water consumption, so that weight loss from water will be increased

6. Why would someone develop ketosis?

a. low carbohydrate diet
b. high carbohydrate diet
c. low fat diet
d. high protein diet

7. What is the name of the protein that is absent in obese mice?

a. sequestrin
b. obesitin
c. leptin
d. insulin

8. What will result when someone takes thyroid hormone for weight loss?

a. a long term increase in metabolic rate that will enhance weight loss efforts
b. the thyroid gland will respond by decreasing output of hormone
c. blood pressure will increase
d. there is actually an increase in weight due to water retention

9. The study of prisoners in Vermont found

a. that underfeeding led to an increase in metabolic rate
b. that underfeeding led to a reduction in energy expenditure due to alterations in the thermic effect
c. that overfeeding led to an increase in metabolic rate
d. that overfeeding led to a decrease in metabolic rate


10. How might the set point theory be applied to a weight loss program?

a. you should expect the body to adapt to changes in food intake by altering metabolic rate, counsel clients of this effect
b. you cannot succeed at weight loss because your body will not let you change weight, so why try
c. set point can be assessed in every individual at an initial session and then used to set up weight loss programs that are specific to that person
d. set point can be changed in individuals by a series of dietary changes, such as fruit at breakfast, starches at lunch, that will lead to weight loss

11. What is body mass index?

a. a height-weight relationship
b. a measure of obesity
c. the best predictor we have of heart disease risk
d. the weight of an individual in kilograms

12. What did your instructor recommend regarding protein intake in body builders?

a. body builders need no more protein in their diet than sedentary people
b. body builders require as much as 50% more protein in their diet than the sedentary
c. body builders need twice as much dietary protein as the sedentary
d. body builders should consume a protein supplement to meet their dietary protein needs


13. Which of the following protein-containing foods has anticancer properties?

a. corn
b. wheat
c. soybeans
d. milk

14. When is conversion of amino acids to glucose important?

a. whenever excessive protein is consumed
b. during starvation
c. when consuming a weight loss diet high in carbohydrate
d. whenever needs for protein synthesis have been met

15. Which of the following is NOT going to influence the thermic effect of food?

a. digestion
b. absorption
c. transport of nutrients
d. body size

16. How has the incidence of obesity changed in the U.S.?

a. it has increased from 25% to 33% of the adult population recently
b. it has remained constant at 25% of adult population since 1960
c. it increased most dramatically immediately after World War II, and has leveled off since then
d. it has dropped somewhat in recent years due to the use of new drugs such as Pondimin

17. Why is it appropriate to calculate net protein utilization by the equation N(in)-N(out)/N(in)?

a. it reflects the percentage of protein consumed that is retained for protein synthesis
b. it gives a measure of how digestible the protein is
c. it gives an estimate of the overall essential amino acid content of the protein
d. it reflects how well amino acids are being utilized for protein synthesis without regard for digestibility





18. What is the source of amino acids for the amino acid pool when the diet is devoid of protein?

a. all amino acids are synthesized from glucose
b. many, but not all, amino acids can be synthesized from fatty acids when protein is deficient
c. amino acid stores in the liver are mobilized to replenish the pool
d. body proteins are broken down to release amino acids for the pool


19. What did we conclude regarding muscle gain in the elderly?

a. they can gain muscle mass with strength training
b. it is of little value for them to strength train since muscle gains are small
c. strength training is too dangerous for the elderly and should be discouraged
d. the elderly will only be able to gain muscle mass with strength training if they had previous training experience while they were younger

20. The caloric content of alcohol is ______ kcal/g.

a. 4
b. 5
c. 7
d. 9

21. If a food contains 5 grams of protein and 200 kcalories, what is the % protein in this food?

a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20

22. What is the maximum rate of weight loss recommended without medical supervision?

a. 1 lb/day
b. 2 lb/wk
c. 3 lb/wk
d. 5 lb/wk

23. What is the danger of weight loss that is too rapid, as discussed in class?

a. electrolyte imbalance
b. high blood pressure
c. imbalance in amino acid pool
d. depression

24. Which of the following would lead to most rapid weight loss?

a. low fat diet
b. low carbohydrate diet
c. high carbohydrate diet
d. high protein diet

25. What is the leading cause of diabetes in the U.S.?

a. protein excess
b. high carbohydrate diets
c. high fat diets
d. obesity


26. Who is considered the Father of Nutrition?

a. Armsby
b. Atwater
c. Lavoisier
d. Keys

27. A protein with high net protein utilization is one which

a. has a high percentage of protein
b. has a limiting amino acid
c. has a high percentage of the protein consumed actually absorbed and enters the amino acid pool
d. has the essential amino acid composition that supports protein synthesis and is well digested

28. Which of the following is the limiting amino acid in beans?

a. lysine
b. phenylalanine
c. methionine
d. glycine

29. The amino acid pool

a. represents amino acids available for protein synthesis
b. are only those amino acids absorbed from the diet
c. must have all amino acids provided from the diet to sustain protein synthesis
d. represents proteins found in the blood and in cells

30. A woman consumes the RDA for protein but is in negative nitrogen balance. An explanation for this might be

a. she is consuming complete proteins
b. her protein intake exceeds her needs for protein synthesis
c. her caloric intake is inadequate
d. she is recovering from an illness

31. Deamination of amino acids occurs

a. when amino acids are needed for protein synthesis
b. when amino acids are consumed in excess of need
c. when a nonessential amino acid is consumed
d. when a person is in positive nitrogen balance

32. Why do curves showing the relationship of body mass index to mortality often show an upward curve as weight decreases below recommended levels?

a. because thin people are at risk of Type II diabetes
b. because smokers are more likely to be thin
c. because thin people have a higher incidence of liver cancer
d. because thin people are more generally undernourished, malnourished


33. When testing a food for protein quality, which of the following would you need to perform?

a. direct calorimetry
b. indirect calorimetry
c. amino acid composition study
d. nitrogen balance study

34. Which of the following foods would have the highest net protein utilization?

a. cheese
b. bread
c. soybeans
d. corn

35. Which of the following is NOT true?

a. BMR increases with overeating
b. females generally have a lower BMR than males
c. BMR usually increases as you get older
d. BMR is higher in someone with a high lean body mass

36. If a healthy adult eats excess protein

a. protein synthesis will be stimulated
b. nitrogen will be retained
c. net protein utilization will be altered
d. nitrogen balance will be maintained

37. A major regulator of basal metabolic rate is

a. insulin
b. thyroid hormone
c. glucagon
d. amphetamines

38. A person is found to maintain his weight consuming 2300 kcal per day. He wants to lose one pound per week. If he begins taking an aerobics class which will add 100 kcal per day to his energy expenditure, how many kcal would you advice he consume daily to acheive his desired weight loss?

a. 1700
b. 1800
c. 1900
d. 2000


39. Which of the following sites of fat storage is most common in women?

a. hips/buttocks
b. neck and underarms
c. abdomen
d. chest


40. Urea is synthesized in the ________.

a. kidney
b. blood
c. liver
d. brain

41. If a diet is low in an essential amino acid

a. proteins will be made but they will lack that particular amino acid
b. protein synthesis will continue normally until the limiting amino acid is depleted from the amino acid pool
c. the body will synthesize the limiting amino acid
d. health will not be affected as long as other nutrients are adequate

42. What is usually the major factor that explains variability in the kcal needs of two healthy men of similar age and size?

a. type of diet consumed
b. level of caloric consumption
c. thyroid hormone status
d. physical activity level

Given the circumstances described for the next three questions, predict which of the outcomes would be most likely to occur.

43. A person has not eaten anything for a week.

a. body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool
b. amino acids are deaminated and stored as fat
c. amino acids are utilized for meeting all needs for protein synthesis
d. nitrogen balance is maintained since excretion of protein is stopped

44. A person is consuming a vegetarian diet with corn as the only protein source.

a. proteins are synthesized, but methionine has been substituted for lysine
b. essential amino acids are stored in the amino acid pool awaiting dietary lysine consumption
c. body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool
d. amino acids are utilized for meeting all needs for protein synthesis

45. A person is consuming a diet that is excessive in kcal, providing 30% of kcal as protein.

a. amino acids are deaminated and stored as fat
b. amino acids are utilized for synthesis of only the most critical proteins such as enzymes
c. body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool
d. excess amino acids are stored in the amino acid pool to be used the next day for protein synthesis







Short Answer. Give a clear, concise, informative answer for the following questions.

46. (10 points) Define obesity and overweight as given in class.







Which is more closely associated with health? (Which is a better predictor of health risk?)




How would you assess for obesity? (Just one method necessary and only brief description necessary.)